Aproximaciones a la violencia política contra líderes indígenas: el Resguardo de San Andrés de Sotavento-Córdoba

• Author: Omar Huertas Díaz - Daniela López Gómez - Fernanda Gutiérrez
• Position: Profesor Titular Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Doctor en Derecho y Ciencias de la Educación - Magíster en Ciencia Política de la Universidad de los Andes, historiadora de la Universidad Javeriana - Historiadora de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
• Pages: 144-165

CUBALEX Artículos / 

Aproximaciones a la violencia política contra

líderes indígenas: el Resguardo de San Andrés

de Sotavento-Córdoba

Approaches to political violence against

indigenous leaders: the Resguardo of San Andres

de Sotavento-Córdoba





DR. OMAR HUERTAS DÍAZ, COLOMBIA*

MSC. DANIELA LÓPEZ GÓMEZ, COLOMBIA**

MSC. FERNANDA GUTIÉRREZ, COLOMBIA***

Sumario

 

 





 

 

 

 

*        

 

    ohuertasd@unal.edu.co  



** 

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daniela1412.p@gmail.com

*** 



nfgutierrezm@unal.edu.co / gutierrez.niyireth@gmail.com  

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     

   

      

    

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

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Palabras clave



Abstract

e objective of this document is to analyze the violent acts perpetrated against the

leaders of the San Andrés de Sotavento reservation located in the department of Córdoba-

Colombia, during 1993 and 1997; facts that are part of the “political violence” that the

country has experienced for more than 40 years. In the case of the persecution of indigenous

leaders, this category (political violence) makes it possible to identify the responsibility of

the State by detecting elements such as the involvement of the Public Force in the murders,

threats against the leaders of the reservation by families belonging to the political power in

the region, the lack of accountability and actions on the part of the executive, legislative and

judicial branches in the face of acts of violence, the involvement of local political authorities,

the lack of protection of the rights of the indigenous population, and the high degree of

impunity in the case, taking into account that approximately 70 leaders died in three years.

CUBALEX



Artículos / 

is is explained by the conuence of the following factors: 1. A territorial conict between

an ancestral population, landowners and armed groups outside the law, 2. e onslaught of

dierent actors against the political power acquired by the indigenous population through

the 1991 Political Constitution, 3. e incursion of the ACCU paramilitary project in

the middle of an area with a guerrilla presence and 4. e peasant and indigenous social

force in the area. Now, this article is a rst approximation to the violence unleashed against

the indigenous leaders of our country, specically against the San Andrés de Sotavento

reservation, for which, reports from the Ministries, the Ombudsman’s Oce, the Prosecutor’s

Oce were consulted. An analysis of the press was carried out and the complaints and

pronouncements of the indigenous community of Sotavento were reviewed.

Keywords

Political violence; indigenous resistance; territory; accountability; democracy

1. Introducción



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     



      

    Violencia política contra los pueblos indígenas en Colombia: 1974-

2004



CUBALEX



Artículos / 







 













   

 

     

 

 





   



 





 Unión Patriótica, expedientes contra el olvido

 



     

     



  



      



 



 



          



    



 



 Democratización, rendición de cuentas y sociedad civil: par-

ticipación ciudadana y control social

       



CUBALEX



Artículos / 





     













      

    

     



2. La violencia política. Acercamiento teórico









   









    

   

   

   



 violencia política contra los pueblos indígenas de Colombia, 1974-

2004   



 situación de derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas de la Amazonía colom-

biana

 El desplazamiento forzado indígena en Colombia. LA ley del silencio y la tristeza



 Desafíos, 

CUBALEX



Artículos / 

2.1. Violencia y terrorismo de Estado en Colombia







  

    









  







    

















  Violencia y política en Colombia: elementos de reflexión   



  Paramilitares y autodefensas: 1982-2003 



   Recordar y narrar el conflicto Herramientas para reconstruir memoria histórica



      violencia política en Colombia. De la nación

fragmentada a la construcción del Estado, 

 



 ¿una guerrilla sin fin o sin fines?

 Nuestra guerra sin nombre. Transforma-

ciones del conflicto en Colombia

 temas y problemas nacionales 1958-2008



  Los Señores de la Guerra: De Paramilitares, Mafiosos y Autodefensas en Colombia



  Paramilitares y autodefensas: 1982-2003 



CUBALEX



Artículos / 



    



2.2. Persecución a líderes sociales





 

    

 











  Poder capitalista y violencia política en Colombia: terrorismo de Estado y

genocidio contra la Unión Patriótica

   Unión Patriótica, expedientes contra el olvido     



 Colombia: terrorismo de Estado. testimonios de la guerra sucia contra

los movimientos populares

 Colombia, laboratorio de embrujos. Democracia y terrorismo de Estado



      El terrorismo de Estado en Colombia



 La violencia continúa. Asesinatos políticos y reforma institucional en Colombia



   violencia política en Colombia    



 Deuda con la humanidad: paramilitarismo de Estado en Colombia 1988-2003



 la violencia para institucional, paramilitar y parapolicial

en Colombia, 

 Violencia política y modelos dinámicos: un estudio sobre el caso colombiano,

Bogotá, Ilustrada, 

 Reconocer el pasado, construir el futuro. Informe sobre violencia contra sindicalistas y trabajadores

sindicalizados 1984 y 2011

  imperceptiblemente nos encerraron: exclusión del sindicalismo y lógicas de la

violencia antisindical en Colombia 1979-2010 



 La organización campesina en un ambiente de terror

   Resistiendo al olvido: Tendencias recientes del movimiento social y de las

organizaciones campesinas en Colombi

CUBALEX



Artículos / 

  







    



 

    













3. La violencia en el departamento de Córdoba



 







  

     



   

  





     

   





   tirándole libros a las balas. Memoria de la

violencia antisindical contra educadores de ADIDA 1978-2008

 Violent democratization, University of Notre Dame

 Bulletin

de l'Institut français d'études andines,

   



CUBALEX



Artículos / 



















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        

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    



     

    

     

           

   conflictos, poderes e identidades en el Magdalena

Medio 1990-2001

  Colonización y protesta campesina en Colombia (1850-1950) 



 Contribución al entendimiento del conflicto armado en

Colombia

 Poderes regionales, clientelismo y Estado: Etnografías del poder y la política en Córdoba



  La instauración de la ganadería en el Valle del Sinú: la hacienda Marta Magdalena,

1881-1956   



CUBALEX



Artículos / 



  



     

        se

encuentra conformado por 7 municipios del departamento de Córdoba que son: San An-

drés de Sotavento, Sahagún, Ciénaga de Oro, Chinú, Chimá, Momil y Purísima; de este

mismo Resguardo encontramos asentamientos en los municipios de San Antero, Lorica,

San Pelayo y Cereté; de igual forma se encuentra en el municipio de Momil, la Asociación

de Cabildos de San Pedro de Alcántara que la constituyen 12 cabildos menores que poseen

tierras adjudicadas por el Incora."24 



       

: "el territorio Zenú guarda las huellas de la lucha por acceder a la

tierra y su lógica espacial se puede entender en función de ésta. La pugna de larga data con

terratenientes y otros poderes locales, externos y los valores asociados a la tierra derivados de

ésta, se hacen evidentes hoy en la distribución de tierras tituladas por el INCODER [ ]

    





  











 







      

 situación de derechos humanos y derecho humanitario

del pueblo embera katío del Alto Sinú



 Plan de vida del pueblo Zenú del Alto San Jorge



  Diagnóstico comunitario y líneas de

acción para el plan de salvaguarda étnica del pueblo zenú.



 dinámicas de conflicto, dominación y resistencia en los departamentos de Córdoba y

Sucre. El desplazamiento en Colombia. Regiones, ciudades y políticas públicas



CUBALEX



Artículos / 





    





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           

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

       

    

  

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    



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



 



el poder político se produce y

reproduce en la intersección entre dos planos: el plano horizontal de las redes de poder cons-

tituidas por las élites, y el plano vertical del clientelismo y los intercambios desiguales entre

las élites políticas y el resto de la población 

  

  





 el poder de en movimiento. Los movimientos sociales, la acción colectiva y la política,



   Representaciones socioculturales de paz que desde el

territorio re-crea el pueblo indígena Zenú en el resguardo colonial de San Andrés de Sotavento. Años 1970 a

2017



 Poderes regionales, clientelismo y Estado: Etnografías del poder y la política en Córdoba



CUBALEX



Artículos / 





4. La persecución a líderes del resguardo de San Andrés de

Sotavento







 















 

CUBALEX



Artículos / 



      

  

  



 







  

      







     



    



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CUBALEX

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Artículos / 



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Artículos / 

    



 

   



  





      

  

  

     



  



      

 













 la reforma y contra reforma 

  

   

 

   





           

    



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

           

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

 iolent democratization

CUBALEX



Artículos / 



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  Democratización política y contra reforma paramilitar en Colombia 

   

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   Docu-

mentos Para La Reflexión

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 

    El

Espectador. 

CUBALEX

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Artículos / 



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   

     



     

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   

  



  



 



la distribución

territorial de las prácticas e instituciones de la democracia al interior del Estado nación

son desiguales55,   

  

   









 

     

          



 



 El orangután con sacoleva. Cien años de democracia y represión en Colombia (1910-

2010)

 Desafíos

 Desafíos

CUBALEX



Artículos / 

5. Conclusiones







 

   







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   

  

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

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 







6. Bibliografía



  







CUBALEX



Artículos / 



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CUBALEX

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Artículos / 

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

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

     

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

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    

 

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  

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  

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CUBALEX

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Artículos / 

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CUBALEX

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Artículos / 





      

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





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