La ejecución de las obligaciones alimentarias internacionales en Cuba. Una propuesta para su perfeccionamiento

Date01 January 2019
Author
RPNS 0491 ISSN 2308-2240
No. 61 Enero-Junio 2019
www.revista.onbc.cu
16
La ejecución de las obligaciones alimentarias internacionales
en Cuba. Una propuesta para su perfeccionamiento
e internationals feeding obligations ejecutions in Cuba.
A proposal to better
E. Y B A
Abogada en Bufete Colectivo 1, Holguín, Cuba.
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1386-695X
yunian@hlg.onbc.cu; yunianbatista@nauta.cu
RESUMEN
Las obligaciones alimentarias internacionales esbozan
inconvenientes jurídicos de índole práctica; pese a que el
régimen internacional relativo a alimentos posee seme-
janzas, presenta también disparidades fundamentales
entre las distintas legislaciones, cuyo procedimiento de
solución compromete examinarse a través de instrumen-
tos jurídicos internacionales para establecer una ef‌icaz
protección al elemento subjetivo más frágil.
El estudio del tema propuesto permite de manera con-
creta determinar las insuf‌iciencias normativas y prácti-
cas que presenta el ordenamiento jurídico cubano vigen-
te, que impiden una ef‌icaz ejecución de las obligaciones
alimentarias internacionales; el presente artículo con-
tiene las correspondientes propuestas de modif‌icaciones
legislativas.
Palabras claves: Alimento, obligación alimentaria inter-
nacional, Cuba
SUMMARY
e main objective of this research is to determine the
limitations in the Cuban legal regulation in force which
interfere with the execution of legal resolutions related to
international feeding obligations, throughout a theorical,
doctrinal, legislative and comparative analysis, as well
as to value the main theorical conceptions refering to this
topic and al the some time to make proposals for an ade-
cuate application in Cuba and to diagnose the main def‌i-
ciencies to this respect in our legal ordinance and judicial
practice and also to provide some recommendations.
e newness of the topic is to of‌fer some elements that
contribute to better legislation about the subject-matter
by improving the quality of the legal standards in Cuban
legal regulation in relation to the international feeding
obligations, the article contain the corresponding propo-
sals legal modif‌ications.
Key words: Food, international food obligation, Cuba
Introducción
Etimológicamente, la palabra «alimentos» provie-
ne del latín alimentum, que a su vez se deriva de la
expresión alere, que signif‌ica alimento o sustento
(García, 2009, p. 4).
En la mayoría de los ordenamientos jurídicos, los
«alimentos» se conciben como lo indispensable
para satisfacer las necesidades de sustento, habita-
ción, vestido y la asistencia en casos de enfermedad;
respecto a los menores, los alimentos comprenden,
además, los gastos necesarios para su educación,
recreación y desarrollo; así como proporcionarle al-
gún of‌icio, arte o profesión adecuados a sus circuns-
tancias personales.
La obligación de dar alimentos tiene como f‌in la sa-
tisfacción de las necesidades vitales, cualquiera que
sea su fuente, por lo que es posible ubicar en ella
tanto la prevista legalmente, como la establecida
mediante pacto (Pérez, 1989).
Se plantea que la obligación de alimentos «es el de-
ber que tiene una persona de suministrar a otra, los
recursos que esta requiere para subsistir» (Grisanti,
2007, p. 61).
En consonancia, para el Derecho Internacional Pri-
vado contemporáneo, la institución de las «obli-
gaciones alimentarias internacionales» cobra un
carácter autónomo como relación jurídica; aunque
parte de la doctrina se exprese en sentido opuesto,

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