Un nuevo reto para la protección jurídica de las personas con discapacidad en Cuba: el contrato de alimento

• Author: Anays Hernández Bonet - Dayma Domínguez Gómez
• Position: Estudiante de 4to año de la carrera de Derecho. Alumna ayudante del Departamento de Derecho Civil y Familia. Facultad de Derecho Universidad de La Habana - Estudiante de 4to año de la carrera de Derecho. Alumna ayudante del Departamento de Derecho Civil y Familia. Facultad de Derecho Universidad de La Habana
• Pages: 302-328

CUBALEX  / 

Un nuevo reto para la protección jurídica de las

personas con discapacidad en Cuba: el contrato de

alimento

ANAYS HERNÁNDEZ BONET*

DAYMA DOMÍNGUEZ GÓMEZ**

CUBA

Sumario

 



 



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



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Resumen

 

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* 

abonet@lex.uh.cu

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CUBALEX

A H B y D D G

 / 



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

Palabras clave

    



Abstract

e food contract is presented as a mechanism of self-protection for people with poten-

tial or real disability, whereby a subject called alimentian obliges to transfer to another,

recognized as nourishing, the domain of certain goods; And the latter to give him food and

assistance during his lifetime. erefore, it is a bilateral legal business, random, lifelong,

with a very personal and costly character. In Cuban practice this contractual modality is not

considered as one of the eective mechanisms of protection to this sector of the society that is

increasing more and more. e truth is that, based on the provisions of the current Cuban

Civil Code, the applicability of the food contract is possible.

Keywords

Food contract, autonomy of the will, self-protection, disability, assistance.

1. Breve introducción al tema



 



















     

        

CUBALEX



 / 



“toda restricción o ausencia de la capacidad de realizar una actividad en la forma o

dentro del margen que se considera normal.”2 











   

      







      













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     

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   

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      



     



 , La Discapacidad en el espejo y en el cristal: Derechos Humanos, Discapacidad y

toma de conciencia

CUBALEX

A H B y D D G

 / 



4

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        

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      

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    

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

  



4     

Revista General de legislación y jurisprudencia.

5      

        Discapacidad y

Derecho Civil,

 Los nuevos sistemas de protección de la persona con discapacidad

mental”, en, Estudios jurídicos en Homenaje al profesor José María Miquel



CUBALEX



 / 

      

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        

 

  





”Actualidad Civil







CUBALEX

A H B y D D G

 / 

     

 



       



    

      

  

      



1.2. Aspectos preliminares del contrato de alimentos

Denición



    





      



   

      







  

   

     



    







  



    El contrato de alimentos”   



  El contrato de vitalicio en la jurisprudencia y en la Ley de Derecho Civil

de Galicia”



CUBALEX



 / 



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

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





          

  

     









asistencia de todo tipo, 

    



       

 

  

        



   













 El Contrato de vitalicio: Caracteres y contenido”

        

        



  La asistencia. La medida de protección de las personas con dis-

capacidad psíquica alternativa al procedimiento judicial de incapacitación”



CUBALEX

A H B y D D G

 / 

Evolución histórica de la institución como cauce a la construcción doctrinal y

normativa actual

             

       



 

          

per se.



 

   

       

    



 



 









     



    

    



de por vida







       





“(…)el negocio asistencial de alimentos no podrá extenderse más

allá de la muerte del alimentista, pero podríamos cuestionarnos si pudiera pactarse que su

duración sea un término menor a la vida del necesitado de asistencia(…) la doctrina se ha

dividido en dos posiciones contrarias, aquellos que consideran que si pierde el carácter de

vitalicio deja de ser contrato de alimentos y sustentan su postura en la regulación legal que

el legislador dio al contrato de alimentos en la normativa civil española; y otra que deende

CUBALEX



 / 

que las prestaciones que emanan del contrato de alimentos, tal y como está regulado, si puede

ser objeto de limitación temporal.“13



 

  

deciencias a largo plazo

            

       



      



largo plazo

















         







2. Naturaleza jurídica y elementos del contrato

de alimentos





    





 





  “El contrato de alimentos”

  “El contrato de alimentos”

CUBALEX

A H B y D D G

 / 



   



           

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16  

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

  El contrato de vitalicio: caracteres y contenido”  

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CUBALEX



 / 

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        

     



    

    

  inter vivos mortis causa   







La onerosidad se da aun cuando la contraprestación benecie a una tercera

 

  

”Revista de Derecho Privado

in natura





CUBALEX

A H B y D D G

 / 

persona ajena a la relación obligatoria, y no al propio contratante. Porque lo que realmente

importa para que concurra este requisito es la presencia de un intercambio de prestaciones

principales: que a cambio de la propia prestación, la contraparte entregue o prometa otra

El elemento subjetivo del contrato de alimentos. Las partes intervinientes:

alimentante, cedente y alimentista



     



 

   













El alimentante

   



 

   

  



 

    











  

 El contrato de alimentos vitalicio: configuración y régimen jurídi-

co”

    

    El

contrato de alimentos vitalicio: configuración y régimen jurídico

El contrato de alimentos como figura contractual independiente”, 



CUBALEX



 / 



         



           

 















El cedente

























El alimentista

      

   

 

      











El elemento objetivo: contenido y dinámica del contrato de alimentos

Prestación del alimentista





CUBALEX

A H B y D D G

 / 













    



 



   





Prestación del alimentante







a priori



    





      

      

  













  



   “Principios de Derecho Civil”, 



El contrato de alimentos vitalicio: configuración y régimen jurídico 



 “La tipificación del contrato de alimentos” 

 “Protección jurídica de los mayores”, 

CUBALEX



 / 

  



  



Elementos formales

        

  

    







    



           





    





      



pacta sunt servanda

       









    



  



Elementos naturales y accidentales

          



 

 

”Revista crítica de Derecho Inmobiliario

CUBALEX

A H B y D D G

 / 

 

  







3. Especial referencia al contrato de alimentos a favor

de terceros

3.1. Posibilidad de la implementación del contrato de alimentos

favor de terceros en Cuba





          

        









 

   



La vera scaturigine dell’emersione, negli ordinamenti con-

temporanei, della tendenza a utilizzare gli strumenti dell’autonomia per produrre eetti

favorevoli diretti nella sfera giuridica di soggeti terzi risiede dunque non tanto in uno spun-

to di carattere teorico – ricostruttivo, aerente como si diceva al prolo strutturale quanto

piuttosto in un’idea-forza di politica del diritto, riconducibile in senso lato al principio di

socialità , o se si vuole di solidarietà, e cioé nel bisogno per i privati di disporre di strumenti

atti ad attibuire eetti diretti favorevoli a soggetti terzi senza necessità non tanto della loro

partecipazione formale alla struttura della fattispecie acquisitiva quanto piuttosto di una

 Estudios de Derecho Agrario”

 

Actualidad Civil



  El contrato a favor de terceros” 

 Derecho de Contratos    



 

CUBALEX



 / 

loro prestazione corrispettiva del benecio ad essi atribuito”. 













       













           nasciturus 

concepturus





















3.2. Relación entre contrato de alimentos y otras guras anes

Distinción entre contrato de alimentos y renta vitalicia



  







 Vid.  (artt. 1411-1413), in Il Codice Civile Com-

mentario, diretto da Piero Schlesinger

 

Actualidad Civil



CUBALEX

A H B y D D G

 / 



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nasciturus







       

Revista de Derecho Privado

       Cuadernos Civitas de jurisprudencia civil



 

  Defensa jurídica de las personas vulnerables 





CUBALEX



 / 

Relación entre contrato de alimentos y la obligación legal de dar alimentos

regulada en el Código de Familia





  

  





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 sui generis





 

      



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



     



          



       

     





  













 La obligación legal de dar alimentos”, 

Ensayos sobre Derecho de Obligaciones-Libro Homenaje al Profesor Dr. Humberto José

Luis Sánchez Toledo”

 

CUBALEX

A H B y D D G

 / 





  







        

 en todo caso

carezcan de recursos económicos y estén

impedidos de obtener los alimentos por sí mismos,



      

     

 

 





         







        



    

  



 









 , en Revista de Derecho privado, 



 La obligación legal de dar alimentos”,  

Ensayos sobre Derecho de Obligaciones-Libro Homenaje al Profesor Dr. Humberto José Luis

Sánchez Toledo”“Este puede definirse como la situación en la

que se encuentra el alimentista que carece de los recursos necesarios para satisfacer por sí mismo sus necesidades

y las de aquellos que dependen de él. El estado de necesidad o situación de penuria, como le denominan otros

autores, es un concepto relativo, que si bien ha de atenderse para su determinación a criterios objetivos, no

puede prescindirse de las circunstancias específicas del alimentista.Las necesidades del alimentista van a depen-

der, en última instancia, de su edad, salud, y otras condiciones personales, que pueden hacer que dos personas

perciban idénticos ingresos y, no obstante, se encuentre una en situación de necesidad y otra no.”

CUBALEX



 / 

  



             



      



 





 

    





 







ex

lege









4. Causas de extinción del contrato de alimentos









Por la muerte del alimentante o del alimentista

     



     

    







   



CUBALEX

A H B y D D G

 / 



  



 







inter vivosmortis causa

        



   



que

no es posible la permanencia del sistema alimenticio convenido en los términos pactados,

pues no se puede obligar a quien no quiere en una relación contractual como la que nos

ocupa, donde por encima de lo establecido, del ámbito económico o patrimonial, incide el

necesario ajuste de dos o más personas en caracteres, costumbres y aciones, para lograr la

convivencia, es decir, lo que se denomina congeniar.38



    









Por mutuo acuerdo de las partes contratantes

    









 



 

Revista Crítica de Derecho Inmobiliario

 El contrato de alimentos. Régimen jurídico y criterios jurisprudenciales”

       

   

             

  



CUBALEX



 / 

La renuncia o el desistimiento unilateral



 





     

  

     





















La resolución del contrato por incumplimiento

 







Por imposibilidad sobrevenida de cumplimiento





   

  













 

 



CUBALEX

A H B y D D G

 / 

Resolución por pérdida de la cosa debida







    



Por condonación de la deuda







Por confusión de derechos de acreedor y deudor











5. Contrato de alimentos en Cuba

5.1. Tratamiento de la discapacidad en Cuba como premisa

a la regulación del contrato de alimentos



 







   



      



  

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 El contrato de alimentos”

CUBALEX



 / 

         

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

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

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





 

 : Revista General de Legislación y Jurisprudencia

CUBALEX

A H B y D D G

 / 



        



  

44

5.2. Contrato de alimentos a la luz del ordenamiento jurídico civil

cubano

   

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         

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    













           





La posibilidad de implemen-

tación del contrato de alimentos en virtud del ordenamiento jurídico cubano es a nuestro

juicio viable, y aunque mantendría el carácter autónomo y nominado, debemos conside-

rarlo como atípico, por cuanto no existe regulación expresa que lo reconozca, como tampoco

encontramos norma que lo prohíba45

      

  



44       





45 El contrato de alimentos”

CUBALEX



 / 



     

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

  









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