La personalidad jurídica en la sociedad irregular

• Author: Andrea Moreno Navarrete
• Position: Profesora Invitada de la Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Ecuador
• Pages: 39-58

CUBALEX  / 

La personalidad jurídica en la sociedad irregular





MA. ANDREA MORENO NAVARRETE*

ECUADOR

SUMARIO

 

 



 



 



 

Resumen











   

      

  

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   

* 





mariamoreno@gmail.com

CUBALEX

La personalidad jurídica en la sociedad irregular

 / 









Palabras clave

 



Abstract

e determination of legal personality on irregular society has not represented an easy

solution. e theoretical approaches have turned in most liberal positions trespassing the

institutional dimension, which have become a priority in the research-academic eld.

As a matter in spanish legislation, their Supreme Court have established important

references in this subject. Its position recognizes the degree of subjectivity on legal personality

as subject related to legal relations.

is theory provides useful foreign contribution to the ecuadorian case recognition of

irregular society, which is contained within a protectionist framework to third parties, who

have concluded operations within this imperfect form.

Keywords

Registration, de facto corporation, corporation in the making, joint venture, legal status,

bona de third parties.

1. Introducción





,concepción realista



 

concepción nominalista, 

personicación, 

 

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

            



    

    

CUBALEX



 / 







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   



aectio societatis





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lex especialis, 

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

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







      











,







    



CUBALEX

La personalidad jurídica en la sociedad irregular

 / 

2. La personalidad jurídica societaria y el sentido

de unicación patrimonial. Proximidad desde el

derecho comparado



  

 concepción realista





concepción nominalista







teoría de la cción



 teoría de la realidad





    



    





 Régimen Societario. Parte General, 



  







  

 

 



  





 

     

Acerca de la persona jurídica. A propósito de los debates sobre su conceptualización y otros aspectos derivados

de ello



CUBALEX



 / 





 corporation



  teoría ultra

vires

    



        

   

   

 



 





 







 







4

5



 Tratado del Derecho de las Sociedades 



   

  



  Derecho de Sociedades 



4 Cfr.El reconocimiento Ob. cit“(…) como una división de funciones que

sirve a la maximización del valor del patrimonio social cuando esta maximización se obtiene, no a través

del uso de los activos por sus propietarios, sino a través de su incorporación a un proceso productivo cuyo

producto se intercambiará en el mercado.”La sociedad mercantil: Mercantili-

dad e Irregularidad de las Sociedades



5  La personalidad jurídica societaria 

       Derecho societario

CUBALEX

La personalidad jurídica en la sociedad irregular

 / 44





 

está más allá de ellos





  

     







  





  

erga omnes



  

 facilitar y proteger esa actividad

colectiva de los socios, reduciendo la pluralidad de intereses individuales a la unidad formal

      

“Sobre la limitación de responsabilidad en el derecho de socie-

dades y su posible extensión en el contexto de la modernización”,o





 

entity shielding).   

 owner shielding). 





 El reconocimiento de la personalidad jurídica en la cons-

trucción del Derecho de Sociedades: 

     



la muralla levantada de la persona jurídica y los individuos que la

componen, entre los bienes de aquella y los que son propios de éstos había llegado a creerse barrera infran-

queable





  “Notas Críticas. Apariencia y realidad en las

sociedades mercantiles “Comentarios de Derecho Español”

Derecho Societario

Ob. cit

CUBALEX



 / 45

producida con el reconocimiento en el campo del derecho de un sujeto de derechos y obliga-

ciones, distinto de los socios individualmente considerados”.7

3. Una necesaria distinción entre la sociedad irregularidad

y la sociedad en formación contenida en la legislación

española

  







  quid 

   

  sociedad irregular  sociedad

en formaciónlex especialis 









     

     







    



7 La personificación jurídica de las sociedades

erga omnes

 

   

Derecho de Sociedades I. Comentarios a la Jurisprudenci

“Reflexiones en torno a la personalidad jurídica de las sociedades civiles

)



   Teoría general del contrato y del negocio jurídico



     





 

  



CUBALEX

La personalidad jurídica en la sociedad irregular

 / 





















prima facie









 

  







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

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  

     



CUBALEX



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    

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   

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aectio societatis





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  





  personalidad jurídica básica 

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      

      

  

 

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   









 

 La vigente redacción del artículo 15 de

la Ley de Sociedades Anónimas exige distinguir supuestos en la actuación de los representantes de la sociedad

en formación tiene diversa eficacia obligatoria para la sociedad una vez que concluya el periodo constitutivo

mediante la inscripción en el Registro Mercantil; en efecto la letra del precepto lleva a diferenciar los casos

en que la definitiva vinculación queda subordinada a la aceptación por la sociedad dentro de los tres meses

desde su inscripción – que son todos aquellos en que la actuación de los representantes carecía de suficiente

habilitación legal o voluntaria-“.

     

  



 

,



CUBALEX

La personalidad jurídica en la sociedad irregular

 / 





       

   

        heterorganicismo 

     







      

lex specialis  

      

   



 



  

desde

que se otorgó la escritura para inscribir













como consecuencia de los hechos anteriores

y coetáneos desarrollen que maniesten la virtualidad de su existencia14.

    





 





   



      

   

      



   

 

 

CUBALEX



 / 

  

   

      

    

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 

  



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

     





 

 

   

.













  

 

  Comunidades de bienes

y Sociedades civiles para empresa. La sociedad irregular . 



 



    







 

   

 Art. 118.- Serán igualmente válidos y eficaces los contratos entre las compañías

mercantiles y cualesquiera personas capaces de obligarse, siempre que fueren lícitos y honestos y aparecieren

cumplidos los requisitos que expresa el artículo siguiente Art. 119.- Toda compañía de comercio, antes de dar

principio a sus operaciones, deberá hacer constar su constitución, pactos y condiciones, en escritura pública

que se presentará para su inscripción en el Registro Mercantil

CUBALEX

La personalidad jurídica en la sociedad irregular

 / 





sociedad en formación Expectativa de creación

      





 

  

  

   







      

  











 





   

     



 

 

 



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CUBALEX



 / 

 

   





“…Aunque no existen formaciones empíricas fiables sobre el número de sociedades

anónimas, cuyos socios, tras haber puesto en marcha el negocio, pierde interés en los

mecanismos de publicidad legal y convienen deliberadamente no inscribir la sociedad

o –fracasado su intento inicial de acudir al registro- acuerdan seguir operando en

el tráfico mercantil como si fueran auténticas entidades jurídicas, no se trata en un

modo alguno de una hipótesis rara e infrecuente, desprovista de interés práctico, sino

por el contrario, de un problema endémico, de palpitante vigencia y actualidad”.





facta concludentia





4. El sistema de irregularidad en el caso ecuatoriano.

Su distinción con la sociedad de hecho y sus efectos

transversales

 

  





















 Derecho de Sociedades

   

 







CUBALEX

La personalidad jurídica en la sociedad irregular

 / 



   sociedad irregular



      



cualquier persona

 quantum   









   

  ,  



   

   

 

 

 

     

    

 riesgos patrimoniales23

que día a día crea situaciones que

 Tratado de Sociedades Comerciales

 Tratado de las Sociedades

        

  





  

    

Sociedades irregulares, fallos de segunda instancia

  



  



fuente de obligaciones comunes y recíprocas

para quienes participan en ellaobligación de apor tar a esa sociedad; la de apoyarla para

obtener el objetivo propuesto; el derecho de cada socio de participar en los beneficios que se produzcan





   

Habiendo actuado actor y demandado, con subcontratistas del contratista de Ferrostal del Ecuador SA

para el montaje de un puesto sobre el río Chambo, se ha establecido entre ellos una relación societaria con el

CUBALEX



 / 

no se pueden borrar









   

   

 

“la faltaescritura pública

no obsta a la formación de hecho de la sociedad y los socios no pueden alegar la falta de ella

en provecho suyo”.



Sociedad irregular Sociedad de hecho



 







   

   



    





     





 







     





Comentarios al articulado de la Ley de Compañías del Ecuador.

Secciones I y II”

   



propósito de dividirse las utilidades finales. En consecuencia están obligados, uno al otro, a rendir cuentas

recíprocas del resultado de la subcontratación, objeto de la sociedad de hecho”

 Revista

Judicial Derechoecuador.com



CUBALEX

La personalidad jurídica en la sociedad irregular

 / 54

El que contratare por una compañía

que no hubiere sido legalmente constituida, no puede sustraerse, por esta razón, al

cumplimiento de sus obligaciones

   Persona-

lidad jurídica y representación legal de Compañías Mercantiles“ 







 

 

“La Compañía

existirá y adquirirá personalidad jurídica desde el momento de dicha inscripción



 

 



 





sanción por la violación de publicidad, en garantía de terceros, de modo

que la inoponibilidad no puede afectar jamás al tercero, quien puede usar o no del contrato

social oponiéndolo a los socios y a la sociedad. No puede ser de otro modo, por cuanto el

tercero no puede cargar con la sanción de un hecho que no ha cometido

   

   



       





 





“Sociedades

Irregulares y de Hecho”

 Vid. Sociedades irregulares y de hecho

     

 

   

↓

CUBALEX



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    Curso de Derecho Comercial    

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 

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  

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



 Las compañías Irregulares

 



 

       



CUBALEX

La personalidad jurídica en la sociedad irregular

 / 



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   

     

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     

 

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

   

     

     



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 

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      









  



Curso de Derecho Mercantil, Parte General









 



      













  Cátedra de derecho contractual y societario, Regulación

comercial y bursátil de los contratos societarios

 Esa falta de personalidad no empece a la responsabilidad de los contratantes, conforme su actitud o com-

portamiento en cada relación jurídica con terceros”, op. cit; Sobre la personificación de la

sociedad de hecho 

CUBALEX



 / 57

   

)  



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   













 

 



CUBALEX

La personalidad jurídica en la sociedad irregular

 / 

   





     









5. Conclusiones

  

prima facie





















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







implica-

ría la ocurrencia de efectos derechamente contrarios a los que el legislador ha deseado.

       



    





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