Los remedios ante el incumplimiento contractual en la nueva normativa nacional sobre la contratación económica. La influencia de la Convención de Viena de 1980 (CISG)

• Author: Lic. Eduardo Nicolás Otero Bakai
• Position: Licenciado en Derecho por la Universidad de La Habana, 2014
• Pages: 96-136

CUBALEX Artículos 

Los remedios ante el incumplimiento

contractual en la nueva normativa nacional

sobre la contratación económica. La inuencia

de la Convención de Viena de 1980 (CISG)





LIC. EDUARDO NICOLÁS OTERO BAKAI*

CUBA

Sumario

 

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 

 

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 

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 

 

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Resumen

    





* 

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

CUBALEX



Artículos / 

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

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Abstract

 

       





      







Keywords

 



1. Convención de Viena. Punto de partida de las legislaciones

orientadas hacia el Moderno Derecho de Contratos

      

        

   

 



      

 

     



       

CUBALEX



Artículos / 



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

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

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

     

          

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   





3

     

  

   











artícu-

los del 45 al 52

   

artículo 61 al 65



 



3   An International Approach to the Interpretation of

the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1980) as Uniform Sales

Law     



CUBALEX



Artículos / 

artículos 74 al 78









acción resarcitoriaarts. 45, 61, 74-77



  cumplimiento forzosoarts. 46, 47, 48, 62 y 63la resolución del

contratoarts. 49, 64, 72 y 73la reducción del precioart. 50

2. Remedios previstos en la Convención

2.1. Indemnización de daños y perjuicios





 artículos 45 61    si el

vendedor/comprador no cumple cualquiera de las obligaciones que le incumben conforme

al contrato o a la presente Convención, el comprador/vendedor podrá: a) ejercer los derechos

establecidos en los artículos 46 a 52/62 a 65; b) exigir la indemnización de los daños y

perjuicios conforme a los artículos 74 a 77

 

artículo 79

      

      

        





artículos 7477





artículo 74pérdida

      

  

       





   Cfr 

   Revista Chilena de

Derecho

CUBALEX



Artículos / 





artículo 77  



      

   

 





      









artículos 45

61el comprador/vendedor no perderá el derecho a exigir

la indemnización de los daños y perjuicios aunque ejercite cualquier otra acción conforme

a su derecho





     cumplimiento forzoso de la obligación no

cumplidaarts. 46 y 62resolver el

contratoarts. 49 y 64

2.2. Cumplimiento forzoso

   

  

    



      

artículo 28



en virtud de su propio derecho

          

         

 Calculation of Damages under CISG Article 74    

     





 Ídem

CUBALEX



Artículos / 

y respecto de contratos de compraventa similares no regi-

dos por la Convención





  

la sustitución 

 art. 46.2 la reparación

   art. 46.3











 

 infra 





   



          

   

         

arts. 47 y 63   

      



   



 

 



             

          

      

             pacta

sunt servanda  







in natura

      International Sales

Law

CUBALEX



Artículos / 

artículos 49.1 inciso b) y 64.1

inciso b)

          

   





sin una demora excesiva y sin causar al comprador incon-

venientes excesivos o incertidumbre en cuanto al reembolso por el vendedor de los gastos an-

ticipados por el compradorart. 48



           

  

artículos 46.2.3, 47 48





 

    

   artículo 47



    

artículo 46 apartados 2 3 



 

artícu-

lo 48





    



 

right to cure

 

               

        



       



          

           

   

     

           

CUBALEX



Artículos / 

2.3. Resolución del contrato

    



49, 64, 51.2, 25, 26, 72  73





artículos 4964el comprador/

vendedor podrá declarar resuelto el contrato si el incumplimiento por el vendedor/compra-

dor de cualquiera de las obligaciones que le incumban conforme al contrato o a la presente

Convención constituye un incumplimiento esencial del contrato

    artículo 25   

sine qua non



            



   

The CISG: a new text book for students and practitioners  





          

       

           

   Vid   The New German Law of Obligations.

Historical and Comparative Perspectives 

     

 Principios PECLartículo 4:204  





             

      

           

       

      



 

          

      

         

         

  

 



Revista Chilena de

Derecho

CUBALEX



Artículos / 

• 

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•   





• 





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  

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  

    

    

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          

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              



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                

    

      

   Compendio de jurisprudencia basada en la

Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Contratos de Compraventa Internacional de Mercaderías



        artículo 26   



  

  

         

    

       



artículo 49

          



 

            

          

            

CUBALEX



Artículos / 

    







 





2.4. Reducción del precio



 

   



proporcionalmente a la diferencia existente entre

el valor que las mercaderías efectivamente entregadas tenían en el momento de la entrega y

el valor que habrían tenido en ese momento mercaderías conformes al contrato artículo 50



  



actio quanti minoris    

          Sistema de Derecho

Civil 

  







       

Tratado de Derecho Civil-Contratos 

      Teoría de los Contratos

          

Código Civil Comentado. Doctrina-jurisprudencia-bibliografía, Contratos

Parte general artículos 1137 a 1216

      

   

     

     



             



Ensayos sobre Derecho de Obligaciones Libro Homenaje

al profesor Dr. Humberto José Luis Sánchez Toledo



CUBALEX



Artículos / 

Code Civil des Français 



  



actio quanti minoris



     

  

artículo 36

3. Los Principios UNIDROIT, los PECL y las experiencias

legislativas nacionales

   



 

que más que

principios realmente constituyen verdaderas normas de Derecho tanto por su formulación

como por su contenido

  

    

    

   





         

       

 

    

           

             





 Principles of European Contract Law



      

            

 



CUBALEX



Artículos / 

   





    

soft law

     



lex mercatoria

   

         

Scandinavian Sa-

les Law

Burgerlijk Wetboek BW 







 

 

    

in comento    

              



 Scandinavian Sales Law









      The

vanishing Scandinavian sales law   



 

    Electronic

Journal of Comparative Law of the Netherland Comparative Law Association



                

     

        

            

     

       

  Revista Digital de Derecho Indret 



Revista Digital de Derecho Indret       

     

  Anuario de Derecho Civil



CUBALEX



Artículos / 









       

      

       





    

     







4. La presencia de la CISG en la normativa contractual

económica patria







  





       

         

  la necesidad de proceder a un reordenamiento del régi-

men jurídico de la contratación económica, dirigido, en lo fundamental, a establecer una

     

      

             

     

        vid 

 

Revista Jurídica de la Universidad Autónoma de

Madrid



             

     







CUBALEX



Artículos / 

normativa que reconozca y dote de una mayor autonomía contractual a los sujetos de la

contratación, y contribuya a elevar la responsabilidad de estos en el cumplimiento de

sus obligaciones







   







4.1. El Decreto-Ley 304

     

          





 artícu-

lo 81    el mero incumplimiento de

una obligación preestablecida constituye un ilícito civil. La parte que incumpla un contrato

asume la responsabilidad derivada de dicho incumplimiento, salvo que éste tenga por causa

la fuerza mayor o el caso fortuito

artículo 85

      

 







   







quantumordinario o arbitral







 

 Cfr       

Ibídem

CUBALEX



Artículos / 

    

      





 

 



realización de un acto lícito con la debida diligenciaartículo 99.1 inciso c)



   artículo 81 

   





artículo 87 al 90





        



    



 



      



artículo

83

conforme al

principio de buena fe contractual, deben adoptar medidas efectivas que tiendan a dismi-

nuir el efecto del incumplimiento.artículo 89



la parte incumplidora no es responsable

del daño sufrido por la parte perjudicada, en cuanto esta (la afectada) podía haberlo redu-

cido o evitado adoptando medidas razonables que no adoptó



    

  

artículo 85  



78 

  

        

CUBALEX



Artículos / 

   

artículo 80

          







       







 

entre ellas

las referidas al cumplimiento forzoso



artículo 31.1   





    



 



      





    

  





        













 

      









CUBALEX



Artículos / 

4.2. El Decreto 310

   



 



   











       

artículos 2223



         

      



• 





  

  in natura   



• 





•   

en lo absoluto ajena para nuestro Derecho







artículos 2223



 

   



 

right to performance

CUBALEX



Artículos / 











 





 capítulo IVartículo 18 en caso

de incumplimiento de las especicaciones de la calidad pactada, las Partes establecen si el

comprador tiene derecho a una rebaja del precio de los bienes, a su sustitución, a la devo-

lución de éstos con restitución del precio pagado incluido el pago de los gastos incurridos en

dicha devolución, o a resolver el contrato cuando proceda, sin perjuicio de la responsabilidad

que corresponda



   

artículo 347

   

in comento



  

    









 

    

     



 

             

             



 CfrDe las acciones edilicias al concepto de correspondencia con lo establecido

en el contrato. Panorama de la garantía por vicios ocultos y sus allegados en el Derecho contractual cubano

          



CUBALEX



Artículos / 



artículo 18 

sin perjuicio de la responsabilidad (civil) que corresponda





ex nuncex tunc

  



      siempre que se de-

muestre la existencia de un incumplimiento esencial según artículo 22 inciso c) del Decreto

    

    



  



        

 artículo 347  

       



per se

    

       

artículo 78.2 inciso a)

    

    

       

ya sea por resolución o redhibición



     

   

        

artículo 46.3







                 





         





CUBALEX



Artículos / 







            

las partes

establecen si       



artícu-

lo 22





capítulo VI

garantía comercial

 

artícu-

lo 25     

   





  

artículo 26

       

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    

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CUBALEX



Artículos / 

   

       capítulo VII  

saneamiento por vicios ocultos     

 

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

 artículos 

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     

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



    



 33



33 



Revista de Derecho Privado Externado   

  Estudios sobre la compraventa internacional de mercaderías 



CUBALEX



Artículos / 

     







      

        a posteriori



 



  



   



    







artículos 2223

artículo 25

       

     



5. Breves conclusiones

   

     





 



  

fundamental breach

    

         

      







          

     

          

CUBALEX



Artículos / 

   













   

    

